it was my mistake...

MGT 420 

motivating in management is motivation is a process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior induced by the expectation of satisfying individual needs 

1. Puts human resources into action

   Every concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals. It is through motivation that the human resources can be utilized by making full use of it. This can be done by building willingness in employees to work. This will help the enterprise in securing best possible utilization of resources.

2. Improves level of efficiency of employees

   The level of a subordinate or a employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities. For getting best of his work performance, the gap between ability and willingness has to be filled which helps in improving the level of performance of subordinates. This will result into-
   1. Increase in productivity,
   2. Reducing cost of operations, and
   3. Improving overall efficiency.

3. Leads to achievement of organizational goals

   The goals of an enterprise can be achieved only when the following factors take place :-
   1. There is best possible utilization of resources,
   2. There is a co-operative work environment,
   3. The employees are goal-directed and they act in a purposive manner,
   4. Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-operation takes place simultaneously which can be effectively done through motivation.

4. Builds friendly relationship

   Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction. This can be done by keeping into mind and framing an incentive plan for the benefit of the employees. This could initiate the following things:
   1. Monetary and non-monetary incentives,
   2. Promotion opportunities for employees,
   3. Disincentives for inefficient employees.
   In order to build a cordial, friendly atmosphere in a concern, the above steps should be taken by a manager. This would help in:
   1. Effective co-operation which brings stability,
   2. Industrial dispute and unrest in employees will reduce,
   3. The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there will be no resistance to the change,
   4. This will help in providing a smooth and sound concern in which individual interests will coincide with the organizational interests,
   5. This will result in profit maximization through increased productivity.

5. Leads to stability of work force

   Stability of workforce is very important from the point of view of reputation and goodwill of a concern. The employees can remain loyal to the enterprise only when they have a feeling of participation in the management. The skills and efficiency of employees will always be of advantage to employees as well as employees. This will lead to a good public image in the market which will attract competent and qualified people into a concern. As it is said, “Old is gold” which suffices with the role of motivation here, the older the people, more the experience and their adjustment into a concern which can be of benefit to the enterprise.

ECO 416

we learn about public sector and  policies in economics.

Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. At its most basic level, public economics provides a framework for thinking about whether or not the government should participate in economics markets and to what extent its role should be. In order to do so, microeconomic theory is utilized to assess whether the private market is likely to provide efficient outcomes in the absence of governmental interference. Inherently, this study involves the analysis of government taxation and expenditures. This subject encompasses a host of topics including market failures, externalities, and the creation and implementation of government policy. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare.

ACC 418

we learn the second chapter which is T-account or ledger..

A ledger is the principal book or computer file for recording and totaling monetary transactions by account, with debits and credits in separate columns and a beginning balance and ending balance for each account.