Just a Normal Friday.....

MGT 420: Tutorial was held like usual and Miss Rita did teach us again about what we have learn in lecture yesterday with En.Hazman.. for today,she just give us the tutorial on how to understading the topic about motivating.. Miss Rita also introduced is about the now model  and principal for motivation which is not include in the syllybus. this is a new knowlegde for us...Alhamdulillah.. Allah ease everything.. :)


LAW 416: NO CLASS FOR TODAY!!! 

ACC 418: We did learn about accounting systems and books of accounts. since this is my first time learning account and my new knowlegde for me so i give super duper 100% attention at the class today.. i sit in front of the lecturer.. Insyaallah,may Allah ease everything...:)

AT NITE: 

THIS IS TIME FOR RUNNING MAN.... :)

ENJOY THE CLASS...

HAISHHH!!!

i felt too lazy to go to the class as last 2 days i don't have any class..hhuhuhuhu..
so today it time to study again..

perhap everything gonna be okay.. 

Insyaallah... :)

MGT 420

Mr.Hazman did teach us 2 chapter today as we dont have his class last week.. 

he need to attented some convention.. 

i dont know what it is..hehhehe.. 

well,the lecture for today is okay la.. 

we learn about motivating organizational members. as i can summarized here is motivating can be defined as the forces acting upon or within a person that cause that person to expand to behave in a specific goal-directed manners. the purposed of motivation is to improve the performance of the group by in internal and external aspect. this is a psychology processs that gives purpose and direction to behavior. with the motivaton and the ability to perfom the task it will lead to the sucessfull performance by itself or to the others.

ECO 415

nothing much to say about this subject as we had nearly to covered all the syllybus of the topic in the book...hmmhm,as expected we has a shocked quiz!!! oh my gucci... i was too suprised and yet... i just blank for a while..hehhehhehe... 

Dr.Asiah did allowed us to open the book for about 30 minutes and do the quiz.. its not that though as we can open the book during the quiz.. Alhamdulillah,i can answer all the questions given and the rest i just leave it to Allah and pray for it.. Insyaallah...

ACC 418..

QUIZ 1... my head is turning around and my brain fall down...

i can't finished my question...

i was too upset..

it was super duper terrible quiz i ever had...

i am angry with myself for do not study hard..

and

i hate myself.. :)

happy.. ker??

ACC 418

MGT 417

MANDARIN.. (NO CLASS)

i'm enjoying my class today..

mama,i miss you..

i need your shoulder.. 

:(

no class..

enjoying myself at room..

and movie.. :)

lazy-nya... :(

class for ECO 415.. MGT 417 and ACC 418..

the classes were held like usual..

i'm too lazy right now..

and i'm not in a good mood too..

can i just stop here.. ??

Night..

YOU..

"YOU'RE THERE TO LIGHT MY DAY..

YOU'RE THERE TO GUIDE ME THROUGH..

FROM MY DAYS DOWN AND ON..

I'LL NEVER STOP THINKING OF YOU..

HOW CAN I FORGET ALL THAT..

WHEN YOU'RE THE ONE WHO MAKE ME SMILE..

YOU ALWAYS BE A PART OF ME..

HOW I WISH..

YOU ARE STILL

MINE.."

for my capital HF..

saturday has come..

kesatriaan negara time..

we training..

training

and training.. :)

"IF LOVING SOMEONE 

BECOMES SO PAINFUL,

THEN ITS TIME TO LET GO 

AND SAVE YOURSELF. 

YOU WILL BE ABLE TO FIND A NEW LOVE BUT NEVER ANOTHER SELF"

THANKS MAMA FOR YOUR ADVICE.. :)

test... OMG! test...

MGT 420

do the revision.

LAW 416

we have our first test today.. 

its about Malaysian Legal System.. 

Contract Act and Sale of Good Act.

alhamdulillah..

i can make it.. :)

i think i miss you.. :(

okay.. class..

MGT 420.. 

we learnt about controlling..

Controlling is one of the managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is an important function because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that deviation from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organization are achieved in a desired manner.
According to modern concepts, control is a foreseeing action whereas earlier concept of control was used only when errors were detected. Control in management means setting standards, measuring actual performance and taking corrective action. Thus, control comprises these three main activities.

ECO 415

we learn about inflation..

Inflation is an upward movement in the average level of prices. Its opposite is deflation, a downward movement in the average level of prices. The boundary between inflation and deflation is price stability.

The Link Between Inflation and Money

Because inflation is a rise in the general level of prices, it is intrinsically linked to money, as captured by the often heard refrain "Inflation is too many dollars chasing too few goods". To understand how this works, imagine a world that only has two commodities: Oranges picked from orange trees, and paper money printed by the government. In a year where there is a drought and oranges are scarce, we'd expect to see the price of oranges rise, as there will be quite a few dollars chasing very few oranges. Conversely, if there's a record crop or oranges, we'd expect to see the price of oranges fall, as orange sellers will need to reduce their prices in order to clear their inventory. These scenarios are inflation and deflation, respectively, though in the real world inflation and deflation are changes in the average price of all goods and services, not just one.

ACC 418

new topic for today.. :)

another class..

i have ACC 418 and MGT 417 classes..

we did learn the next chapter..

MANDARIN..

i have writing test for today..

alhamdulillah..

i can make it..

thankz ya allah.. :)

class... again..

i only have 

LAW 416 

for today..

Isn't it funny how the people who said 

"I will never hurt you"

are the ones that hurt you the most..

class..

ECO 415

today we learn about money and banking..

money is generally anything that perform the functions of money. 

in any society,money is the asset,commodity or token that serve as a medium of exchange..

money is therefore anything commonly accepted in exchange for good and services..

MGT 417

we learn chapter 8 which is information system that support organization..

An information system (IS)^[1] - is any combination of information technology and people's activities that support operations, management and decision making.^[2] In a very broad sense, the terminformation system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. In this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

Some make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.

Alter argues for an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans and/or machines perform work using resources to produce specific products and/or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to processing (capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information.

As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.

Information systems are the primary focus of study for the information systems discipline and for organizational informatics.

ACC 418

we learnt on double entry..

i miss you.. :(

it is...

SATURDAY TIME.. 

AND 

TODAY IS FOR 

KESATRIAAN NEGARA..

YAYYAYYAYA!! 

OKAY.. 

I'M BEING TO HYPOCRITE...

HAHHHAHHAHHA!!!!

OKAY..LET GO FOR RUNNING MAN..

RUNNING MAN DAEBAK...!!!

class until 6pm?

MGT 420

quiz 3 for today.. woww!!

it is very fast right..

we are question about leadership...

this chapter are very tough..

i cannot answer the question well..

:(

LAW 416

we did the execise fo sale of good.. this is best..

daebak.. i love law very much!!

ACC 418

the class has been extended till 6pm!!!

oh my god!!

this is freaking awesome!

it was my mistake...

MGT 420 

motivating in management is motivation is a process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior induced by the expectation of satisfying individual needs 

1. Puts human resources into action

   Every concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals. It is through motivation that the human resources can be utilized by making full use of it. This can be done by building willingness in employees to work. This will help the enterprise in securing best possible utilization of resources.

2. Improves level of efficiency of employees

   The level of a subordinate or a employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities. For getting best of his work performance, the gap between ability and willingness has to be filled which helps in improving the level of performance of subordinates. This will result into-
   1. Increase in productivity,
   2. Reducing cost of operations, and
   3. Improving overall efficiency.

3. Leads to achievement of organizational goals

   The goals of an enterprise can be achieved only when the following factors take place :-
   1. There is best possible utilization of resources,
   2. There is a co-operative work environment,
   3. The employees are goal-directed and they act in a purposive manner,
   4. Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-operation takes place simultaneously which can be effectively done through motivation.

4. Builds friendly relationship

   Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction. This can be done by keeping into mind and framing an incentive plan for the benefit of the employees. This could initiate the following things:
   1. Monetary and non-monetary incentives,
   2. Promotion opportunities for employees,
   3. Disincentives for inefficient employees.
   In order to build a cordial, friendly atmosphere in a concern, the above steps should be taken by a manager. This would help in:
   1. Effective co-operation which brings stability,
   2. Industrial dispute and unrest in employees will reduce,
   3. The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there will be no resistance to the change,
   4. This will help in providing a smooth and sound concern in which individual interests will coincide with the organizational interests,
   5. This will result in profit maximization through increased productivity.

5. Leads to stability of work force

   Stability of workforce is very important from the point of view of reputation and goodwill of a concern. The employees can remain loyal to the enterprise only when they have a feeling of participation in the management. The skills and efficiency of employees will always be of advantage to employees as well as employees. This will lead to a good public image in the market which will attract competent and qualified people into a concern. As it is said, “Old is gold” which suffices with the role of motivation here, the older the people, more the experience and their adjustment into a concern which can be of benefit to the enterprise.

ECO 416

we learn about public sector and  policies in economics.

Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. At its most basic level, public economics provides a framework for thinking about whether or not the government should participate in economics markets and to what extent its role should be. In order to do so, microeconomic theory is utilized to assess whether the private market is likely to provide efficient outcomes in the absence of governmental interference. Inherently, this study involves the analysis of government taxation and expenditures. This subject encompasses a host of topics including market failures, externalities, and the creation and implementation of government policy. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare.

ACC 418

we learn the second chapter which is T-account or ledger..

A ledger is the principal book or computer file for recording and totaling monetary transactions by account, with debits and credits in separate columns and a beginning balance and ending balance for each account.

it is 14th nov..

ACC 418

OUR FIRST CLASS AFTER RESTING FOR ALMOST 2 MONTHS...

GOSHH.. THIS IS RIDICULOUS.. :)

we really speed up for this subject.. we covered 1 topic today.. 

it is about  the introduction to accounting 

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of accounting is to provide a means of recording, reporting, summarizing, and interpreting economic data. In order to do this, an accounting system must be designed. A system design serves the needs of users of accounting information. Once a system has been designed, reports can be issued and decisions based upon these reports are made for various departments. Since accounting is used by everyone in one form or another, a good understanding of accounting principles is beneficial to all.

ACCOUNTING FIELDS
The accounting profession is generally divided into two categories: 1) private accounting and 2) public accounting. Private accountants are employed by a business, while public accountants practice as individuals or as members of an accounting firm. Public accountants are subject to strict government regulations and requirements which are determined by each individual state where a license is granted. Private accountants on the other hand require no licenses. They perform tasks which have been determined by their employer. Accounting fields exist that specialize in very specific areas of a business. Examples are auditing, budgetary, tax, social, cost, managerial, financial and international.

BASIC ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES & CONCEPTS
Bookkeeping is concerned with the recording of business data, while accounting is concerned with the design, interpretation of data, and the preparation of financial reports. Three forms of business entities exist: 1) sole proprietorship, 2) partnership, and 3) corporations. Corporations have the unique status of being a separate legal entity in which ownership is divided into shares of stock. A shareholder's liability is limited to his/her contribution to capital. Whenever a business transaction is recorded, it must be recorded to accounting records at cost. All business transactions must be recorded. All properties owned by businesses are assets. All debts are liabilities. The rights of owners is equity.

THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION & TRANSACTIONS
Assets, liabilities and owner's equity are the basic elements of the accounting equation. The excess of assets over liabilities is owner's equity. Thus, assets are equal to liabilities plus owner's equity at all times. Any business transaction has to affect at least one of these elements.

ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS
There are two basic accounting statements used by most businesses. The balance sheet presents the assets, liabilities and owner's equity. Each account balance in the balance sheet is reported as of the last day of the financial period. The income statement determines whether a net profit or loss was realized by matching total revenue and expenses for a specific time period. A third statement is used by some businesses. It is the statement of owner's equity which presents the changes which have taken place in owner's equity over the period.

MGT 417

no class for today..

we need to sent our work at i-learn by 10.30am..

MANDARIN

today was a listening test for mandarin.. the was quite tough..

i can't  hear what the speaker said due to the ancent..

but alhamdulillah.. 

i can make it.. :)

today is...

LAW 416

we learn about new chapter today.. it is chapter 5..

in chapter 5 it is about hire purchased..

Hire purchase (abbreviated HP, colloquially sometimes never-never) is the legal term for a contract, in which persons usually agree to pay for goods in parts or a percentage at a time. It was developed in the United Kingdom and can now be found in Australia, China, India, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, and South Africa. It is also called closed-end leasing. In cases where a buyer cannot afford to pay the asked price for an item of property as a lump sum but can afford to pay a percentage as a deposit, a hire-purchase contract allows the buyer to hire the goods for a monthly rent. When a sum equal to the original full price plus interest has been paid in equal installments, the buyer may then exercise an option to buy the goods at a predetermined price (usually a nominal sum) or return the goods to the owner. In Canada and the United States, a hire purchase is termed an installment plan; other analogous practices are described as closed-end leasing or rent to own.

If the buyer defaults in paying the installments, the owner may repossess the goods, a vendor protection not available with unsecured-consumer-credit systems. HP is frequently advantageous to consumers because it spreads the cost of expensive items over an extended time period. Business consumers may find the different balance sheet and taxation treatment of hire-purchased goods beneficial to their taxable income. The need for HP is reduced when consumers have collateral or other forms of credit readily available.

If the seller has the resources and the legal right to sell the goods on credit (which usually depends on a licensing system in most countries), the seller and the owner will be the same person. But most sellers prefer to receive a cash payment immediately. To achieve this, the seller transfers ownership of the goods to a Finance Company, usually at a discounted price, and it is this company that hires and sells the goods to the buyer. This introduction of a third party complicates the transaction. Suppose that the seller makes false claims as to the quality and reliability of the goods that induce the buyer to "buy". In a conventional contract of sale, the seller will be liable to the buyer if these representations prove false. But, in this instance, the seller who makes the representation is not the owner who sells the goods to the buyer only after all the installments have been paid. To combat this, some jurisdictions, including Ireland, make the seller and the finance house jointly and severally liable to answer for breaches of the purchase contract.

back to normal...

ECO 415

i get my test result today..

wowww!! 

it surprising  me!!

i tough i'm gonna failed that test..

but alhamdulillah.. i make it!!

even not get higher mark but i was too gratefull..

alhamdulillah.. :)

MGT 417 

i'm not  going to he 

class today 

because its raining..hehhehhhe..

okay.. my bad.. :(

KEMAHIRAN INSANIAH

DAY 2..

I AND PAMMY GO TO FACULTY AT 7.30AM..

WAAAAAA!!

I'M SO SLEEPY MAA..

WUAARRGHHH!!!

TODAY WE LEARN ABOUT OURSEFL.. 

HOW TO BUILT SELF-CONFIDENT 

IN OUR DAILY LIFE..

TOPIC FOR TODAY IS QUITE INTERESTING...

I LOVE TALKING..

I AM A TALKATIVE PERSON...

EVERYTHING  GOES WELL TODAY..

ALHAMDULILLAH... :)

KEMAHIRAN INSANIAH..

DAY 1..

before i for kemahiran insaniah progam..

we need to attent Perhimpunan Belia Felda at padang kawat first..

the program is the gathering of all teenagers from all Felda all around Malaysia..

at 10am..

pammy and i go to our faculty for attending kemahiran insaniah program..

this program is a compulsory for all part 1 students from business faculty courses..

we did enjoy this program very much..

and must important is..

my family came tonight.. 

i really enjoy dinner with them.. 

:)

the day has come.. :)

MGT 420

we get our test 1 result.. ok.. its a bit dissapoint me..hhhuu..

i just got 60%..

waaaaaaaaaaaa!!!

isk3..isk3..

LAW 416

no class for today.. :)

better that yesterday...

MGT 420..

we learn of chapter 6.. 

that is about leadership in management..

Theories abound to explain what makes an effective leader. The oldest theories attempt to identify the common traits or skills that make an effective leader. Contemporary theorists and theories concentrate on actions of leaders rather than characteristics.

A number of traits that appear regularly in leaders include ambition, energy, the desire to lead, self-confidence, and intelligence. Although certain traits are helpful, these attributes provide no guarantees that a person possessing them is an effective leader. Underlying the trait approach is the assumption that some people are natural leaders and are endowed with certain traits not possessed by other individuals. This research compared successful and unsuccessful leaders to see how they differed in physical characteristics, personality, and ability.

A recent published analysis of leadership traits (S.A. Kirkpatrick and E.A. Locke,“Leadership: Do Traits Really Matter?” Academy of Management Executive 5 [1991]) identified six core characteristics that the majority of effective leaders possess:

• Drive. Leaders are ambitious and take initiative.
• Motivation. Leaders want to lead and are willing to take charge.
• Honesty and integrity. Leaders are truthful and do what they say they will do.
• Self-confidence. Leaders are assertive and decisive and enjoy taking risks. They admit mistakes and foster trust and commitment to a vision. Leaders are emotionally stable rather than recklessly adventurous.
• Cognitive ability. Leaders are intelligent, perceptive, and conceptually skilled, but are not necessarily geniuses. They show analytical ability, good judgment, and the capacity to think strategically.
• Business knowledge. Leaders tend to have technical expertise in their businesses.

Traits do a better job at predicting that a manger may be an effective leader rather than actually distinguishing between an effective or ineffective leader. Because workplace situations vary, leadership requirements vary. As a result, researchers began to examine what effective leaders do rather than what effective leaders are.

ECO 415

we learnt about national income today.. 

There are various concepts of National Income. The main concepts of NI are: GDP, GNP, NNP, NI, PI, DI, and PCI. These different concepts explain about the phenomenon of economic activities of thevarious sectors of the various sectors of the economy.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The most important concept of national income is Gross Domestic Product. Gross domestic product is the money value of all final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a country during a year.

Algebraic expression under product method is,

GDP=(P*Q)

where,
GDP=Gross Domestic Product
P=Price of goods and service
Q=Quantity of goods and service
denotes the summation of all values.

According to expenditure approach, GDP is the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditure, net foreign exports of a country during a year.

Algebraic expression under expenditure approach is,

GDP=C+I+G+(X-M)

Where,
C=Consumption
I=Investment
G=Government expenditure
(X-M)=Export minus import

GDP includes the following types of final goods and services. They are:

1. Consumer goods and services.
2. Gross private domestic investment in capital goods.
3. Government expenditure.
4. Exports and imports.

Gross National Product (GNP)

Gross National Product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in a country plus net factor income from abroad. Thus, GNP is the total measure of the flow of goods and services at market value resulting from current production during a year in a country including net factor income from abroad. The GNP can be expressed as the following equation:

GNP=GDP+NFIA (Net Factor Income from Abroad) 
or, GNP=C+I+G+(X-M)+NFIA

Hence, GNP includes the following:

1. Consumer goods and services.
2. Gross private domestic investment in capital goods.
3. Government expenditure.
4. Net exports (exports-imports).
5. Net factor income from abroad.

Net National Product (NNP)

Net National Product is the market value of all final goods and services after allowing for depreciation. It is also called National Income at market price. When charges for depreciation are deducted from the gross national product, we get it. Thus,

NNP=GNP-Depreciation
or, NNP=C+I+G+(X-M)+NFIA-Depreciation

National Income (NI)

National Income is also known as National Income at factor cost. National income at factor cost means the sum of all incomes earned by resources suppliers for their contribution of land, labor, capital and organizational ability which go into the years net production. Hence, the sum of the income received by factors of production in the form of rent, wages, interest and profit is called National Income. Symbolically,

NI=NNP+Subsidies-Interest Taxes
or,GNP-Depreciation+Subsidies-Indirect Taxes
or,NI=C+G+I+(X-M)+NFIA-Depreciation-Indirect Taxes+Subsidies

Personal Income (PI)
Personal Income i s the total money income received by individuals and households of a country from all possible sources before direct taxes. Therefore, personal income can be expressed as follows:

PI=NI-Corporate Income Taxes-Undistributed Corporate Profits-Social Security Contribution+Transfer Payments

Disposable Income (DI)

The income left after the payment of direct taxes from personal income is called Disposable Income. Disposable income means actual income which can be spent on consumption by individuals andfamilies. Thus, it can be expressed as: 

DI=PI-Direct Taxes

From consumption approach, 

DI=Consumption Expenditure+Savings

Per Capita Income (PCI)

Per Capita Income of a country is derived by dividing the national income of the country by the total population of a country. Thus, 

PCI=Total National Income/Total National Population